Kisho Kurokawa – Nagakin Capsule tower

About the architect:

• Born in Kanie, Aichi, Kurokawa studied architecture at Kyoto University, graduating with a bachelor’s degree in 1957.
• Kurokawa received a master’s degree in 1959 from University of Tokyo.
• Kurokawa then went on to study for a doctorate of philosophy, but subsequently dropped out in 1964.
• Cofounded the metabolist movement  in 1960, whose members were known as Metabolists
• was a radical Japanese avant -garde  (advance guard)movement pursuing the merging and recycling of architecture styles within an Asian context
• Vision- cities of the future were characterized by large scale, flexible, and expandable structures that evoked the processes of organic growth

Philosophy of metabolism:

1. Impermanence
2. Materiality
3. Details
4. Receptivity

Nagakin Capsule tower:

• Based on philosophy of metabolism.
• first capsule architecture design.
• originally designed as a Capsule Hotel to provide economical housing for businessmen working late in central Tokyo during the week.
• 14-story high Tower has 140 capsules stacked at angles around a central core.

PLUG –IN-POD:

• Install the capsule units into the concrete core
• Units  detachable and replaceable
• 1 capsule – 4×2.5m
• Modified shipping  container –interior preassembled in factory

Metabolism in Nagakin Capsule Tower:

• IMPERMANENCE:removable ,interchangeable  capsules
• DETAILS – detailed connections
• MATERIALITY– pipe work , ductwork were not hidden
• RECEPTIVITY– building ready for change

PHILOSOPHY OF SYMBIOSIS:

• INTERDEPENDENCE
• New way of interpreting today’s culture-
• Philosophy of   ‘both – and’ not ‘either-or’

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Frei Otto – Tuwaiq Palace

About the Building:

• Recipient of the Aga Khan Award for Architecture, 1998.
• enclosed by inclined curved walls, forming a sinuous curvilinear spine 800 m long, 12 m high, and 7-13 m wide, used for guest services and accommodations
• outdoor sports facilities, gardens, and extensive landscaping laid out in a pattern of complementary spirals, circles, and curves, in harmony with the building’s undulations
• Mushrooming from the spine are tents supported by tensile-structure technology
• design makes reference to two local archetypes – the fortress and the tent
• The tents enclose the large-scale spaces: main lounges, reception areas, multi-purpose halls, restaurants, and a café
• dramatic contrast between the lush greenery of the outdoor spaces enclosed by the spine and the arid rocky plateau beyond its walls
• The white tents are made of Teflon-coated, woven fibre fabric
• The tents are enclosed by glass walls

LIFE:

• Began experimenting with tents for shelter
• After the war he studied briefly in the United States
• Visited Erich Mendelsohn, Mies van der Rohe, Richard Neutra, and Frank Lloyd Wright
• Began private practice in Germany in 1952

Awards

• 1974 Thomas Jefferson Medal in Architecture
• 1996/7 Wolf Prize in Architecture
• 2005 RIBA Royal Gold Medal

Style:

• authority on lightweight tensile and membrane structures
• concerned with space frames and structural efficiency
• experimented with inflatable buildings

Inflatable buildings:

• structure constructed using two layers of membrane connected together
• cavity formed between the layers is pressurized with air producing a rigid structural element
• pavilions, airships, furniture, airspace structures, boats, escape slides, security mattresses, swimming pools, coverings, games and castles, air bags

Academics

• Otto founded the famous Institute for Lightweight Structures at the University of Stuttgart in 1964

List of Buildings:

• 1967 – West Germany Pavilion at Expo 67 Montreal
• 1970 – Tuwaiq Palace, Saudi Arabia, with Buro Happold
• 1972 – Roof for Olympic Stadium, Munich
• 2000 – Roof structure of the Japanese Pavilion at Expo 2000, Hanover Germany (provided engineering assistance with Buro Happold and architectural collaboration with Shigeru Ban)

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FREI OTTO – Olympic Stadium (Munich)

LIFE:

• Began experimenting with tents for shelter
• After the war he studied briefly in the United States
• Visited Erich Mendelsohn, Mies van der Rohe, Richard Neutra, and Frank Lloyd Wright
• Began private practice in Germany in 1952

Awards

• 1974 Thomas Jefferson Medal in Architecture
• 1996/7 Wolf Prize in Architecture
• 2005 RIBA Royal Gold Medal

Style:

• authority on lightweight tensile and membrane structures
• concerned with space frames and structural efficiency
• experimented with inflatable buildings

Inflatable buildings:

• structure constructed using two layers of membrane connected together
• cavity formed between the layers is pressurized with air producing a rigid structural element
• pavilions, airships, furniture, airspace structures, boats, escape slides, security mattresses, swimming pools, coverings, games and castles, air bags

Academics

• Otto founded the famous Institute for Lightweight Structures at the University of Stuttgart in 1964

List of Buildings:

• 1967 – West Germany Pavilion at Expo 67 Montreal
• 1970 – Tuwaiq Palace, Saudi Arabia, with Buro Happold
• 1972 – Roof for Olympic Stadium, Munich
• 2000 – Roof structure of the Japanese Pavilion at Expo 2000, Hanover Germany (provided engineering assistance with Buro Happold and architectural collaboration with Shigeru Ban)

Olympic Stadium (Munich):

• original capacity of 80,000
• large sweeping canopies of acrylic glass stabilized by steel cables
• the tensile glass tent-like roof

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Peter Eisenamn – Wexner Center for the Arts

Wexner Center for the Arts:

• Location : Ohio State University,Ohio
• Building Type : University arts center.
• Construction System : steel, concrete, glass.
• Included in the Wexner Center space are a film and video theater, a performance space, a film and video post production studio, a bookstore, café, and 12,000 square feet (1,100 m²) of galleries.

About the building:

• The design includes a large, white metal grid meant to suggest scaffolding, to give the building a sense of incompleteness.
• The extension of the Columbus street grid generates a new pedestrian path into the campus, a ramped east-west axis.
• A major part of the project is not a building itself, but a ‘non-building’.

About Peter Eisenman:

• Peter Eisenman was born in Newark, New Jersey.
• He studied at Cornell and Columbia Universities .
• Eisenman first rose to prominence as a member of the New York Five.
• In 2001, Eisenman won the National Design Award for Architecture from the Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum.
• Scaffolding traditionally is the most impermanent part of a building.
• Thus, the primary symbolization of a visual arts center, which is traditionally that of a shelter of art, is not figured in this case.
• For although this building shelters, it does not symbolize that function.

STYLE:

• Eisenman has always sought somewhat obscure parallels between his architectural works and philosophical or literary theory.
• His earlier houses were “generated” from a transformation of forms related to the tenuous relationship of language to an underlying structure.
• Eisenman’s latter works show a sympathy with the ideas of deconstructionism.
• He tries to do is to ‘unlink’ the function that architecture may represent from the appearance – form – of that same architectural object.

Concepts:

• Artificial excavation
• Tracing
• Layering
• Deformation

Artificial excavation

• Find traces of history.
• Interpret form and meaning.
• Derive new forms and meaning by layering and deforming.

Techniques :

• Shear: Skew objects

• Interference: Study interactions

• Intersection: Emergent shapes

• Distortion: Transform shapes

• Scaling: Rotation

Method

• Historical reading of the site: Superposition
• Deformation strategy: Diagrammatic image
• Elaboration: Design

Diagrammatic image

• Additional elements
• Outside architecture
• Related to project
• Informing and deforming
• Add to superposition
• Deform composition

Model

• Diagrammatic model
• Physical scale model
• Computer model

Deconstructionism

• Characterized by ideas of fragmentation.
• Characterized by a stimulating unpredictability and a controlled chaos.

Works

• House VI(Frank residence), Cornwall, Connecticut.Design: 1972.
• Wexner Centre for the Arts, Ohio State University,Ohio, 1989
• Nunotani Building, Edogawa Tokyo Japan, 1991
• Greater Columbus Convention Centre, Ohio,1993
• Aronoff Centre for Design and Art, University for Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1996
• City of Culture of Galcia, Santiago de Compostela, Galcia, Spain, 1999
• Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, Berlin, 2005
• University of Phoenix Stadium, Glendale , Arizona, 2006

The architecture of Eisenman had many different angles and difficulties when analyzing it and trying to describe it in general terms.

“forms are no longer a ‘means toward an end,’  but an end in themselves”

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Peter Eisenman – House VI

ABOUT:

• Peter Eisenman was born in Newark, New Jersey.
• He studied at Cornell and Columbia Universities .
• Eisenman first rose to prominence as a member of the New York Five.
• In 2001, Eisenman won the National Design Award for Architecture from the Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum.

STYLE:

• Eisenman has always sought somewhat obscure parallels between his architectural works and philosophical or literary theory.
• His earlier houses were “generated” from a transformation of forms related to the tenuous relationship of language to an underlying structure.
• Eisenman’s latter works show a sympathy with the ideas of deconstructionism.
• He tries to do is to ‘unlink’ the function that architecture may represent from the appearance – form – of that same architectural object.

Concepts:

• Artificial excavation
• Tracing
• Layering
• Deformation

Artificial excavation

• Find traces of history.
• Interpret form and meaning.
• Derive new forms and meaning by layering and deforming.

Techniques :

• Shear: Skew objects

• Interference: Study interactions

• Intersection: Emergent shapes

• Distortion: Transform shapes

• Scaling: Rotation

Method

• Historical reading of the site: Superposition
• Deformation strategy: Diagrammatic image
• Elaboration: Design

Diagrammatic image

• Additional elements
• Outside architecture
• Related to project
• Informing and deforming
• Add to superposition
• Deform composition

Model

• Diagrammatic model
• Physical scale model
• Computer model

Deconstructionism

• Characterized by ideas of fragmentation.
• Characterized by a stimulating unpredictability and a controlled chaos.

Works

• House VI(Frank residence), Cornwall, Connecticut.Design: 1972.
• Wexner Centre for the Arts, Ohio State University,Ohio, 1989
• Nunotani Building, Edogawa Tokyo Japan, 1991
• Greater Columbus Convention Centre, Ohio,1993
• Aronoff Centre for Design and Art, University for Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1996
• City of Culture of Galcia, Santiago de Compostela, Galcia, Spain, 1999
• Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, Berlin, 2005
• University of Phoenix Stadium, Glendale , Arizona, 2006

House VI

• Located in Cornawall,Connecticut.
• Eisenman created a form from the intersection of four planes, subsequently manipulating the structures again and again, until coherent spaces began to emerge.
• The envelope and structure of the building are just a manifestation of the changed elements of the original four slabs, with some limited modifications.
• The purely conceptual design meant that the architecture is strictly plastic, bearing no relationship to construction techniques or purely ornamental form.
• The use of the red stairs in House VI is somewhat odd.
• It is an upside down stairs, marked red, which functions only as to divide the building and provide the house with symmetry.

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